A Queen Anne period dressing table - A George III mahogany dressing table - country dressing table in walnut and fruitwood

Towards the end of the seventeenth century the small tables in walnut and oak or country woods specifically designed as dressing tables made their appearance. Before that it seems to have been the practice to use a
small side table with perhaps a small desk with sloping lid or mirror on it.
Since they were designed to be decorative as well as functional, dressing-tables have produced some of the most sophisticated and pleasant pieces of their periods. Their natural appeal to women of a much later
period than those of that for which they were designed has always kept them to the forefront of demand.
Dressing tables of the walnut period exhibit all the most desirable features of walnut veneered furniture: quartered tops with herringbone crossbandings; cross-grained mouldings; turned legs with early forms and
stretchers or, later , cabriole legs with scrolls, and so on. As a microcosm of period features and because of their small size, they have become very sought after and hence very expensive.
The later eighteenth century dressing tables in mahogany and country woods make no less ideal collectors pieces and hence are also greatly in demand. So far Victorian examples have not followed the analogy of
chairs and dining tables perhaps because the Victorians tended towards larger dressing tables without the same appeal.
Value points: The followingvalue points apply to the examples illustrated.
1. Top Surface. As with other tables, the condition, patina and figuring of the top surface are important. The more perfect and decorative the appearance, the more the .. factor will apply.
2. Structural Condition. This is again assumed to be good.
3. Legs. Depending on the period, the design,and always the proportion,of the legs is an important factor. Legs are always liable to damage and their condition and originality constitute a  factor if good.
A Queen Anne period dressing table and mirror set of c.1710 which are japanned in a light background with flower decoration. The table shows the typical arch shaping of the frieze and there are two acorn pendants
on the centre arch. The octagonal legs taper down to turned shaping and bun feet. The X stretcher with its scroll shaping has a central circular pedestal for a bowl. Note that the table top has a thumb-nail edge
moulding and there is a half-round or ‘D’ moulding on the front around each drawer. The mirror is described in the Toilet Mirror section.
Small walnut William and Mary period dressing table, c.1690. The top would be veneered in walnut, quartered to give a symmetrical pattern from the figure, and with a’herringbone’ or ‘feather’ inlay around it, inside the
cross-banding. The thumb-nail moulding around the top edge and indeed the decoration of the top is similar to chests of drawers of the period. A half-round moulding around the drawers is also typical. In the frieze it is usual to find a shallow centre drawer and two deep ones on either side, or two short drawers. The arched shaping of the frieze is typical. Drawer pulls are of peardrop shape in brass and on a circular or star-shaped plate, the handle being linked to a double strip of brass or iron which was passed through a small hole in the drawer front, parted, pressed down and pinned into the wood. The inverted cup form on the legs, as mentioned earlier, shows the Dutch influence, and the bun feet and shaped veneered stretchers are also typical.
Value Points: Decoration of top  Proportion of legs
Queen Anne walnut dressing table, c.1710. Note that the turned legs of the William and Mary period have now changed to cabrioles although the shaping of the frieze remains similar. The top edge moulding, veneers and drawer arrangement are still in the earlier style.
Quality of carbriole legs  Original handles
Oak dressing table of c.1740. The square section cabriole legs are still of slender shape but not the most desirable form, particularly if heavy. The shaping of the frieze has become much more sophisticated. Note the top edge moulding.
Value Points: Walnut  Fruitwood
A George III mahogany dressing table with square legs chamfered at the back, c.1770. An unpretentious table whose origins are clear from previous illustrations and of a type increasingly popular. The top edge still retains a moulding derived from the thumb-nail but now more sophisticated with an ogee curve.
Walnut dressing table, c.1720. The rather deep full top drawer gives a slightly top-heavy effect since the cabriole legs are rather slender. The top edge moulding is a refined thumb-nail type. The top veneer is quartered and cross-banded-, the drawers are edged with cock-beading and have a feather or herringbone cross banding. The handles are not original. A poor photograph which makes the piece out of proportion.
A later Georgian c.1780, country dressing table in oak. The frieze is shaped, but the slightly tapered legs hint at Hepplewhite influence. The drawers are cock-beaded and the top edge has a rather refined moulding.
Tapering legs tend to be a later feature.
George I period dressing table in fruitwood, c.1725. The arched shaping of the frieze is similar to that of earlier periods, with the projecting lip moulding or cock-bead around it. The heavy thumb-nail top edge moulding of the earlier period is now more refined. The tapering legs ending in pad feet are simpler than the cabriole but retain an elegance and proportion of design in a particularly English leg form. The handles are not original.
Later Georgian, c.1770, country dressing table in walnut and fruitwood. The three drawers in the frieze are cross-banded in fruitwood like the top, which is veneered in plain straight grained walnut. The legs are elm.
A satinwood dressing table of Sheraton period, c.1795, with mirror which folds flat to lie under the folding top. Similar designs for shaving tables and lady’s cabinet dressing tables of involved character are to be found, but this is one of the more popular designs of the period.
Value Points: Satinwood ….
Original Mirror
A mahogany dressing table of c.1820, with replacement handles. The square tapering legs and rectangularity of design reflect a Sheraton influence. The black stringing lines around the top and the drawers and frieze
are often identified with this period. Useful also as occasional writing tables, these pieces are understandably popular, as well as having a simplicity of design which allows them to blend easily with modern decor.

Occasional Tables

In the 18th century occasional tables became more varied in style. They were small and light, and so could be moved into reception rooms as required. Many of these tables were highly
decorative, but gradually they became more utilitarian and were often designed for specific purposes.
A passion for games and gambling resulted in a proliferation of card tables. By the end of the century, French card tables were fitted for every sort of game: roulette, chess, backgammon, and jeu de l`oie.
A wide variety of writing tables was developed. The larger, portable tables made for writing were called tables d ecrirc. Some were fitted with candle slides that pulled out from the sides.
The newly fashionable custom of gathering to drink tea and coffee required two or even three tables: one table with a gallery around the edge, on which to place the china; a round table at which people sat and
conversed; and a kettle stand. In the grandest homes, the kettle stand had a silver salver shaped to fit the top, with a silver coffee- or tea-pot on top of it.
Worktables first appeared in the second half of the 18th century. Those made for sewing often had tops that lifted up to reveal small drawers for holding reels of thread and other sewing accessories. Some sewing tables had fabric bags hanging beneath them, in which the needlework was kept. These were made from wooden frames covered with fabric that slid into runners in the base of the frames. French sewing tables, tables en chiffoniere, did not usually have these. Some English worktables were also fitted with a leather surface for writing.
The French table de salon, meaning sitting room table”, served many purposes. It had an ormolu gallery around the top, with three drawers and a shelf below The intricate decoration meant it was elegant enough for formal reception rooms.
Many portable tables contained a fire screen, often made of the finest textiles or displaying needlework
displaying skills. The screen protected the face and legs of anyone sitting in front of a fire, and was particularly important for ladies who wished to protect their
wax-based cosmetics from melting.
The cabriole legs are gently curved.
The legs terminate in foliate ormolu sabots.
The tambour front slides back to reveal six small, ring-handled drawers.
The top is inlaid with flowers and has protruding; rounded corners.
The frieze is inlaid to simulate fluting. It has a single front drawer.
The sides are inlaid with crossbanded borders wit, geometric banding and Neoclassical decoration
ENGLISH WORKTABLE
This transitional-style worktable has an inlaid top above a single drawer. The table has a tambour front and an incurved shelf, and terminates in cabriole legs. c.1770.
FRENCH TABLE DE SALON
This satinwood and holly table has a pierced ormolu gallery. The case, three drawers, and shelf are ornately inlaid. The tapering legs end in ormolu sabots. c.1780.
ITALIAN FIRE SCREEN TABLE
The entire surface of this olivewood table is veneered. It has a serpentine skirt and slender cabriole legs. The silk-lined fire screen moves up and down at the back of the table. c.1780.
ENGLISH WRITING TABLE
This one-drawer, mahogany table has a leather-inset top. A silk-upholstered, adjustable face screen is fitted at the back. It has square, tapering legs with brass casters. c.1790.
FRENCH WORKTABLE
This diagonally veneered, single-drawer table has a cambered top and cabriole legs. It has a drawer in the mid-shelf, and a fire screen at the back. c.1760.
ENGLISH KETTLE STAND
This small mahogany stand has a circular top with a brass-lined spindle gallery. The fluted column has a leaf-carved baluster knob above a tripod base, with claw-and-ball feet. c.1760
FRENCH SEWING TABLE
This table has a marble top surrounded by a pierced three-quarter gallery. The parquetry-veneered case contains two drawers. It has a shaped frame, lower shelf, cabriole legs, and ormolu feet. c.1765.
BONHEURS-DU-JOUR
A SMALL, FEMININE WRITING TABLE FOR LADIES, THE BONHEUR-DU-JOUR WAS FIRST MADE IN FRANCE IN THE 1760s. ITS NAME REFERS TO THE FACT THAT SUCH PIECES SOON BECAME EXTREMELY POPULAR.
The bonheur-du-jour (”pleasure of the day ) is a small, light, elegant desk or dressing table. It is different from other writing tables in that it has a raised back, like a miniature cabinet, made up of shelves, drawers, or pigeonholes designed to hold papers, writing accessories, and sometimes toiletries. Occasionally,
a mirror was also included. The top of the table is usually surrounded by a brass or gilded gallery which often served for displaying small ornaments. Beneath it are drawers, or a small cupboard. These sometimes have tambour doors that slide into the case – another example of the technical skill of the cabinetmaker. The table invariably has long, graceful, slender legs, occasionally with a shelf attached to them about halfway down.
The bon lieu r-du jour was made by many of the famous French cabinet-makers, such as Martin Carlin, who designed 11 of them. The most exquisite examples, such as Carlin, were mounted with plaques of Sevres
porcelain and painted with delicate floral patterns, or richly decorated with fine marquetry, Oriental lacquer panels, and ormolu
jour were valued both for their delicate beauty and for the skill and ingenuity with which hidden drawers and compartments were concealed within such a small space. Originating in France, their popularity soon spread,
partly due to the increased importance of women in society at this time. They appeared in grand British houses from about 1770 onwards.
Louis XVI mahogany bonheur-du-jour This desk has a marble top and a brass three-quarter gallery, with a glazed upper section and a roll-top desk element.
Louis XV cherrywood honheur-du-jour The
upper section has two doors, and the lower section holds a long, single drawer. The case is set on cabriole legs.
GERMAN DRESSING TABLE
This solid cherry table from southern Germany has a wide, overhanging top above two small drawers. It stands on tall, tapering legs. Late 18th century.
FRENCH WRITING TABLE
The table top has a gilt-bronze-edged frieze and is inlaid with flower-heads and a ribbon border. The drawer is fitted with a sliding writing surface, inkwell, pounce-pot, and pen tray. c.1780.
FRENCH WRITING TABLE
The top is inlaid with lozenges and a central floral cartouche. The frieze has a geometric inlay and a drawer. Each side has a pull-out writing slide. c.1780.
GERMAN GAMES TABLE
This provincial walnut, cherry, and native fruitwood table top is supported on tapered legs. The surface is inlaid with a chess board; the interior is fitted for back-gammon. c.1780.
ENGLISH WORKTABLE
This satinwood table has contrasting ebony stringing, an inset leather top, and two candle slides. The case has a fitted drawer over a wool box and is supported on square, tapered legs. c.1785.
FRENCH OCCASIONAL TABLE
This sycamore, kingwood, and floral marquetry table has a Sevres-style plaque in the top. It has a pierced brass gallery and mounts, three drawers, and a lower shelf. c. 1780.

Early 18th Century Tables

Changing social customs at the beginning of the 18th century created a need for many new types of table. The fashion for entertaining small groups of people led to a demand for light, portable tables that could be arranged wherever required. Specific tables were made for playing cards, taking tea, and writing letters.
The card table was primarily a British innovation. In the early part of the 18th century the card table was basically a square table with a hinged top that folded back. The rear leg swung back to support the open top. As card tables were stored against the wall, only the front skirt and legs were carved. The top often had hollowed-out corners for holding cards, chips, or candlesticks.
Writing tables were often fitted with a velvet or leather writing surface. Lady’s writing tables were small, with a sloping top and a drawer for storing writing materials. These tables could also be used for embroidery or needlepoint. Men’s writing tables, which were known in France as bureaux plats, were larger and had flat tops and a storage drawer.
Both console tables and pier tables were created as part of the design for an integrated interior. A console table usually had supports at the front only, because the back was attached to a wall. Pier tables were also designed to be positioned against the wall, but these were usually smaller, and had four legs. Traditionally, they stood between two windows or doors, and often had matching mirrors, known as pier glasses, above them. Both types of table were often elaborately decorated with carving and gilt, and had decorative marble tops, but the designs were generally lighter than the Baroque style favoured in the 17th century and they incorporated the asymmetric, natural motifs of the Rococo style.
Pedestal tables were columnar and had three splayed legs. The style of the tabletops varied. These tables were often used in dining rooms as tea tables for holding china and crockery
Tripod candlestands generally had small, rounded tops. Larger tripod tables were often called tea tables, and the finest examples had scalloped tops with moulded edges, and elaborately carved columns and feet.
FRENCH REGENCE TABLE
This table is made of ebony with brass inlays. It has a serpentine bronze-framed top above three drawers at the front and blind drawers at the back. The piece is decorated with ormolu and sabot mounts, and has cabriole legs. c.1720.
The top is covered with inset gold leather.
The corners and sides are decorated with ormolu masks.
The legs are cabriole shaped.
Ormolu mounts in the shape of animal hooves protect the feet.
SWISS CONSOLE TABLE
This gilt table, probably made in Bern, has a marble top above a carved, pierced frame with Rococo scrolls, foliage, and asymmetrical shells. The apron and stretcher are both carved with an asymmetrical cartouche. c.1765.
GERMAN PIER TABLE
This small pier table displays both Rococo and Neoclassical elements. The top is made of marble and sits above a frieze, decorated with a stylized Greek key motif. It is supported by four carved, scrolled legs. c.1760.
GERMAN OAK TABLE
This imposing oak table is made in the Franconian Baroque style. It is veneered in walnut and the shaped top is inlaid with damson, cherrywood, and maple wood in a geometric marquetry pattern within a crossbanded surround. A shallow frieze,
which is also crossbanded, leads into carved cabriole legs with scroll feet. The legs are joined by flat, shaped stretchers. The piece terminates in ball feet. 18th century.
ENGLISH SIDE TABLE
This small, vernacular side table is made of oak and fruitwood. It has one narrow frieze drawer above an undulating, shaped apron. The table stands on turned, slightly tapering legs, and terminates in pad feet. c.1750.
SICILIAN SIDE TABLE
This table is made of gilded pine with a marble top. The frieze is faced with glass panels painted on the underside to simulate blue-grey onyx. Neoclassical symbols, such as egg and dart, bay leaf mouldings, and lion’s masks, provide decoration. The tapered legs have acanthus plumes and are faced with glass panels. 18th century.
GILTWOOD SIDE TABLE
This French Regence side table is heavily carved and covered with gilt. The top is made of rosso antico marble. The frieze and cabriole legs are elaborately decorated with carvings of pierced foliage surmounted by nymphs’ heads. The table was bought by an English gentleman for his country house. c.1725.
GILTWOOD SIDE TABLE
This marble-topped giltwood table, which may be of German origin, has an ornately carved frieze and apron, which are enlivened with Rococo flames and swags of flowers on each side. The cabriole legs have carved knees decorated with large, bearded masks. 18th century.
ENGLISH TEA TABLE
This George II tea table has a mechanical concertina action, which means that when the two-part hinged tabletop is open, it reveals compartments for holding games. The piece stands on cabriole legs and terminates in claw-and-ball feet. c.1750.
GERMAN TABLE
This simple table, which has one small drawer underneath an inlaid floral marquetry top, is decorated with more marquetry over the shaped frieze and cabriole legs. It is small enough to move easily, and would have fulfilled many uses.
LOUIS XV WRITING TABLE
This small French writing table has a raised, pierced brass edge around the top. The sides and feet are decorated with ormolu mounts. The escutcheons are asymmetrical in typical Rococo style. c.1750.
AMERICAN TEA TABLE
This vernacular table is made of painted maple. The rectangular top has a moulded edge projecting over a shaped skirt with a drawer. The corners of the frieze continue into sharp edges down the cabriole legs, which lead into pad feet. c.1740.
Tilt-top tables had three parts: the top, a “birdcage” mechanism that enabled the top to tilt and revolve, and a columnar support with a tripod base. The top folded flat, so that the table could be stored against a wall.
The top had a lip around the edge, to protect items on the table, such as valuable porcelain cups. The birdcage, named after its appearance, was used in England but was more popular in America. An iron catch was fitted to the underside of the top and birdcage, to lock the top in place. The column was anchored to the birdcage with a removable wedge. The various parts of the table were purchased from different craftsmen, then assembled by a cabinet-maker.
Tilt-top tables from Philadelphia arc considered the best examples of colonial cabinet-making. The finest ones are made of solid mahogany, which makes it difficult to distinguish them from English examples.
TILT-TOP TABLES
Detail of mechanism
Philadelphia tilt-top tea table This fine table has a birdcage support, a scalloped edge, a tripod base, and claw-and-ball feet. The top is made from a single piece of figured mahogany.