TABLES  side, pad feet and square leg lowboys
In this section there are a lot of country or provincial pieces with the result that assessment of quality and hence value become more subjective than in the previous section. One may find a feature enormously attractive which to another collector has a glaring design fault. This is, after all, part of the fun of collecting but makes writing this section difficult.
In case anyone gets the idea that any cabriole is better than any pad foot this example will disillusion them. In pearwood with a glorious patination, attractive front fret and primitive drawer arrangement, it is a fine example of a country piece, the sort almost ignored up until the early 1960s. 1730-1740
832 In walnut with a quartered top and oval inlay in the centre. One immediately notices the broad deep ogee moulding which is a typical late walnut period feature. The legs are straight with only slight moulding on the
outside edge to relieve their rather dull appearance. One can see why the straight Chippendale legs are chamfered. c.1740
In terms of quality the Chippendale mahogany example deserves perhaps to come next. With a simple cock-beaded drawer arrangement, an attractive fret, and in a faded nut brown colour, this example is more elegant than the previous piece. The gap in the moulding is damage. c. 1760 Assume well restored.
n oak, turned legs with pad feet. It makes an interesting comparison with the next example. This has a better fret, half-round corners on the top (but not the quarter-round moulding of many of the pieces in the cabriole section). In addition the drawers fit better, but that may be condition rather than design. c.1730
A good wide overhanging top, genuine cockbeading and the side fret  in theory these should put this ahead of the previous example, but fail to do so because of the dull little fret. Notice that both examples have the
same type of moulding, a version as seen in 832, but of necessity flattened out as the wood is thinner; 832 is walnut veneered on pine which was cheaper than oak so that a deep moulding was more feasible. Knobs
here look later. c. 1755
1, 000Back to the Chippendale straight leg with a slight moulding to the outside edge. The drawers are marked with an incised line in an attempt to simulate cockbeading.
The charming fret makes it a much more attractive piece. c. 1755
The neo-classical demand for the tapered leg has not helped this heavily designed oak piece (which incidentally could be the best technically constructed piece in this section). Frankly not very desirable; 1780-1810
This example is, however, slightly smaller than the previous piece but the top has no moulding and the front is a little plain. The front incidentally is made out of two pieces of wood, a fact which does not necessarily
detract but does indicate a less generous attitude as demonstrated by the mean fret. However if it had superb patination all would be overlooked. c. 1735

TABLES  sofa, pillar supports
The final group of sofa tables is the one in which there is a central pedestal. These pieces are therefore linked with pedestal dining tables, for the same type of base was often used.
In mahogany and remarkably similar to a design in zebrawood which can be dated exactly to 1810. The pillars are well turned and the decoration of split beading lines (fine around the drawers, slightly greater round the platform) is restrained. White stringing line is also used. The table edge is reeded and there is a thin line of crossbanding on the top. c.1810
Another example with four pillar turning in which the knee has moved towards the peculiarly high Regency form. The piece is in rosewood and the pillars are well turned. A small amount of split beaded decoration and metal mounts on the leg. More cramped and not quite the quality of the first example. c. 1815
An example which illustrates the desire for show at not too much extra cost, and a type that became an obsession later on. Simply cut on a band-saw these solid mahogany supports are reeded to match the feet. The top, too, has the customary reeding around the edge and is cross-banded in the same wood. Not as good as it looks at first sight. c. 1830
Down to two pillars. The same ringed decoration marks the place where the top of the legs don’t pierce the platform. The turning on the pillars is getting somewhat aimless  a series of rings and the odd bulge, not like the careful baluster form of the first two examples. c. 1830
Equivalent to the previous example with a straight-sided pillar. Again plenty of brass inlay and some ebony in the leg which turns with the characteristic sharpness of the period.
As can be seen, it has high decorative quality, but the drawback is its being mahogany.
When restored
A very simple example where the decoration is confined to a modest black stringing line on the side of the legs and a broader band on the top of the legs and the table itself. The two unimaginative rectangular pieces supporting the top affect the value. c. 1825
A bit of light relief. The vast base, heavily gadrooned, is supported by an equally substantial humanised version of the ball-and-. One would expect the top to be about 8ft. long, but in fact it is a normal sized sofa table, again gadrooned in calamander wood. The misalliance is condoned by two very elegant and beautifully reeded vase-shaped pillars with rims. It was sold at auction by a very knowledgeable specialist firm, so it must be right. Early 19th century
A robust turned and heavily carved centre pillar rosewood table. Plenty of brass inlay and a Regency knee with good stylised design. The edges of the table have a very refined beading. Rich effect without undue ostentation.

Side table

1. Grain running from side to side of table top.
2. On solid woods, considerable figuring where timber was split rather than sawn.
3. Back edge of table top sometimes unfinished, with no overhang.
4. Drawers of oak, carcase wood of oak. Pine drawers or other parts of carcase in period piece indicate Dutch origins.
5. Where there is
featherbanding and herringbone inlay, `arrows’ always go clockwise.
6. Simple lip moulding to three sides of table top.
7. Beam moulding to drawer edges made from a single strip with wood grain continuing through each bead.
8. On walnut tables, signs of worm boreholes in solid timbers — walnut is particularly susceptible to worm.
9. Good patination on sides. and top edges of drawer where it has been pulled out and handled constantly.
10. No lock or lock rail to drawer frame.
Likely restoration and repair
11. Legs restored, replaced where worm damage has ruined originals.
12. Original veneer planed down to the oak carcase beneath: no depth of patination on surface woods.
13. Solid walnut tops replaced: signs of worm-tracks indicate timber planed down from thicker piece of different origin —wormholes only show on surface of wood.
14. Solid walnut with little patination, wrong construction: may be Victorian copy
`distressed’ to look older.
15. Made up from larger table in bad state of repair. No
patination on overhang of table top — oddly placed boreholes and marks on underside.
16. Legs repaired or replaced: grain will break on the join —quite often concealed by ring turning.
Historical background
By the beginning of the seventeenth century there was much more ’standing’ furniture in most houses. In particular, side tables came into use for many different functions. They stood in spaces between windows, against walls with side chairs, and were used as an early version of the ‘dressing table’.
The art of twist turning came to England from Spain and the Spanish Netherlands, together with the fashion for embellishing cabinets and the edges of drawers with ’string of beads’ mouldings in ebony or ebony-coloured woods. Sometimes legs of small decorative tables were of a much darker wood than the rest of the piece.
The cup-and-cover shape of table and cabinet stand legs, although principally associated with the arrival of William of Orange in England, had been used for several decades before, from the furniture imported from Holland. At about the same time the art of veneering transformed both the construction and the appearance of English furniture. Side tables span this revolutionary change, being made first in solid woods with twist-turned legs, and later in quartered veneer with serpentine stretchers. Stuart side tables frequently had one full-width drawer in the frieze.
Construction and materials
Side tables, being small pieces of furniture, were made in a much wider variety of woods than large tables. They are found in oak, fruitwood, plane and, occasionally, Cyprus. At a later date they were made in solid walnut, and in walnut veneer on an oak carcase and underframe.
Most side tables had a single drawer in the frieze, with one or two handles. Drawers were either plain-fronted or with small fielded or coffered panels, contemporary with chest of drawers of the period. Their construction was still based on the solid frame, with stretchers between all four legs, either decorative or plain.
Around 1680 the cup and cover shape of legs with serpentine stretchers, similar to those on stands for chests, were quite common. There is always a good overhang on three sides of the table top, and the back edge will be narrower, for side tables were made to stand against walls and in
Variations
These traditional ‘occasional’ tables were made in a variety of shapes, woods and finishes for 100 years or more and the differences in construction, woods and finish rather than stylistic change are the guide to period. Characteristic country-made versions may be of plain oak with square stretchers and no carving or decoration. Others had a semi-circular flap and a plain gateleg on a wooden hinge, opening to an elongated half-circle. Some are found in plain oak with a simple frieze and no drawer. Nice examples can be found in fruitwood, sometimes with a small drawer in the frieze which does not recesses, and the back stretcher is plain, undecorated and flush with the edge of the back.
The timber of the legs continues up to form the side frame of the frieze drawer and the corners of the frieze. All joints were simple mortise-and-tenon, secured with pegs or dowels. The drawers had through-dovetails or stop-dovetails, with the bottom boards running from front to back in more than one piece. The bottom boards were nailed to the sides with clout nails and a simple rebate joint.
Detail
Early walnut veneer was usually quarter-cut and framed in a broad band of cross-cut veneer, sometimes edged with feather-banding or herringbone with mitred edges.
Drop handles usually had rosette-shaped backplates fixed to the drawer fronts with two steel shafts driven through and splayed and flattened on the inside.
run the full width of the piece. Dutch side tables, imported during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, were veneered or decorated with marquetry and had double-twist legs. Generally they were more elaborate than those in the English style and were usually made on a pine carcase with pine drawers.
Left: plain oak table of the late seventeenth century.
Centre: William and Mary oak table with pierced decorative frieze.
Right: an elaborately decorated table of the Stuart period.
Reproductions
Nineteenth century
The most common ones on the market today are of Victorian oak, recognizable by decoration such as carving on the frieze, twist turning, polished and darkened to age the wood.
There are also solid walnut copies, stained and bleached where the stain has rubbed off or faded. Many reproductions are in oak, elm, and Virginia walnut, with straight legs or later machine-turned balusters, bobbins or twists and flat stretchers, from almost any date from c.1830. They were made as little side tables for use in passages, halls and dining rooms.
Spanish, Portuguese and Italian tables with ebonized legs, string-of-beads moulding around the drawers, simulating the style of tortoiseshell and ebony chests and cabinets, were imported in large numbers during the mid-Victorian period.
Price bands
Stuart oak, with frieze drawer and good turned detail, £1,900-2,200.
William and Mary oak with good detail, i1,500–1,800.
Country, period, oak or fruitwood, c.1700, £500-800.
Nineteenth-century oak copies, 050-500.